7.Anendocrineresearchlaboratoryisinvestigatingtheregulationofthehypothalamic-pituitaryaxisboththroughpharmacologicmeansandbydirectablationofdifferentregionsofthebrainsofchimpanzees.Theyfindthatextremelyhighdosesofchlorpromazineaswellasdestructionofthehypothalamuscausesthelevelsofacertainhormonetorise.Levelsofwhathormonewerefoundtobeelevated?

(A)ADH

(B)Growthhormone

(C)Luteinizinghormone（黄体生成素）

(D)Oxytocin（催产素）

(E)Prolactin（催乳素）

(F)Testosterone（睾丸素）

(G)Thyroid-releasinghormone（甲状腺释放激素）

7.ThecorrectanswerisE.Thehypothalamusregulatesprolactinreleasebytheanteriorpituitary.Thyroid-releasinghormonestimulatesprolactinrelease,whiledopamineinhibitsit.Prolactinstimulatesmilkproductionandbreastdevelopmentwhileinhibitingovulationandspermatogenesis.Destructionofthehypothalamuswouldcauseareductionindopaminesecretion,increasingprolactinrelease.Theantipsychoticchlorpromazineisadopaminereceptorantagonist,andwouldthereforealsocauseanincreaseinprolactinrelease.

下丘脑通过垂体前叶调节催乳素的释放。促甲状腺激素刺激催乳素的释放，但是多巴胺会抑制。破坏下丘脑会导致多巴胺分泌减少，所以会增加催乳素的释放。而氯丙嗪是多巴胺受体拮抗剂，那当然效果和多巴胺分泌减少一样咯

AnswerAisincorrect.ADHisreleasedbytheposteriorpituitarybyneuronsarisingfromthehypothalamus.ADHincreaseswaterpermeabilityinthelatedistaltubulesandcollectingductsandconstrictsvascularsmoothmuscle.DestructionoftheneuronbodiesinthehypothalamuswouldreduceADHsecretion.

破坏下丘脑会导致ADH分泌减少

AnswerBisincorrect.Growthhormone(GH)isreleasedbytheanteriorpituitaryinresponsetohypothalamusgrowthhormonereleasinghormone(GHRH).GHdecreasesglucoseuptakeintocells,increaseslipolysis,increasesproteinsynthesis,andstimulatesinsulin-likegrowthfactor.DestructionofthehypothalamuswouldreduceGHRH,therebyreducingGH.

生长激素是在垂体前叶释放的，和下丘脑的GHRH有关。破坏下丘脑会导致GHRH减少，所以GH的分泌也是减少的

AnswerCisincorrect.LHisreleasedbytheanteriorpituitaryinresponsetohypothalamicGnRH.LHincreasestestosteronesynthesisbystimulatingcholesteroldesmolase.DestructionofthehypothalamuswouldreduceGnRH,therebyreducingLH.

LH和GnRH有关，GnRH和下丘脑有关，也是一个道理

AnswerDisincorrect.Oxytocinisalsoreleasedbytheposteriorpituitarybyneuronsarisingfromthehypothalamus.Oxytocincausesejectionofmilkfromthebreastinresponsetosucklingbycontractingmyoepithelialcells;oxytocinalsocontractstheuterusduringlabor.Destructionoftheneuronbodiesinthehypothalamuswouldreduceoxytocinsecretion.

催产素是由下丘脑神经元产生的，由垂体后叶释放的，所以破坏下丘脑催产素分泌也会减少

AnswerFisincorrect.TestosteroneisreleasedbythetestesandadrenalglandsinresponsetoLHfromtheanteriorpituitary.Testosteronehasmanyfunctions,includingprenataldifferentiationofwolffianducts,developmentofmalesecondarysexcharacteristics,stimulatingthepubertalgrowthspurt,spermatogenesis,andincreasinglibido.DestructionofthehypothalamuswouldreduceGnRHsecretion,therebyreducingLHandtestosteronelevels.

睾丸素和LH有关，其余见选项C

AnswerGisincorrect.Thyroid-releasinghormoneisreleasedbythehypothalamusandstimulatestheanteriorpituitarytoreleasethyroid-stimulatinghormone(TSH);thus,prolactinlevelswoulddecreasewithitsdestruction.

这个也是和下丘脑有关的，破坏下丘脑也会导致水平降低

莉莉艾，Pokémon，月代